Campylobacteriosis in the South Bohemian Region - a Recurrent Problem.

AIM: Campylobacteriosis is among the most frequently reported foodborne diseases in both the Czech Republic (CR) and South Bohemian Region (SBR). Campylobacteriosis has been a notifiable disease in the CR since 1984. The objective of this study is the analysis of the data reported to the surveillance system between 2005 and 2014 to describe the seasonal variation, age specific incidence, and route of transmission of campylobacteriosis in the South Bohemian Region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data reported to the surveillance system EPIDAT from 2005 to 2014 were analysed in order to determine the incidence trends and seasonality, age distribution, and route of transmission of campylobacteriosis in the South Bohemian Region. RESULTS: Campylobacteriosis incidence in the South Bohemian Region follows the same annual pattern as in the Czech Republic. There is a very slight declining trend in the incidence over the study period. A strong seasonal variation was observed, with a late summer peak and a winter low. An exception to the regularity of the incidence pattern was an outbreak notified in 2010. The most affected age groups are children 1 to 5 years and newborns (0 age group). In the other age groups, the incidence has a declining tendency. The most common vehicles for the transmission of campylobacteriosis are chicken and meat products while other vehicles and routes of transmission have been reported exceptionally. CONCLUSION: Only one third of cases have been notified along with the suspected route of transmission. The most common route of transmission is through the consumption of contaminated chicken and meat, including smoked meat products. Therefore, the measures targeting consumers and also producers of poultry, meat, and unpasteurized milk products may contribute to the reduction of campylobacteriosis incidence.

The regulatory region of Prague C v-Src inhibits the activity of the Schmidt-Ruppin A v-Src kinase domain.

Existing variants of the oncogene v-src differ in their transforming potential as well as in the range of their hosts. We compared the protein kinase activities of two Prague C v-Src variants (PRC and H19), reported to be of low oncogenic potential (Plachý et al., 1995), with the highly oncogenic Schmidt-Ruppin A v-Src (SRA). We employed in vitro kinase assays of affinity-purified proteins expressed in rabbit reticulocyte lysate and in S. cerevisiae. In both systems used, the specific kinase activity of the Prague C v-Src kinases amounted to only ca 20% of the activity of SRA. This positions the PRC Src close to activated c-Src, despite the lack of the regulatory C-terminal tail in PRC. We constructed chimeras between PRC and SRA v-Src and tested them for specific kinase activity in S. cerevisiae. Remarkably, the regulatory N-terminal part of PRC, when fused to the SRA-derived kinase domain, lowered the chimeras' PK activity to ca 20%, suggesting that it is the regulatory part of PRC that is responsible for its low phosphotransferase activity.

Cyclophilins of a novel subfamily interact with SNW/SKIP coregulator in Dictyostelium discoideum and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

We screened the Dictyostelium discoideum two-hybrid cDNA library with the SNW/SKIP transcription coregulator SnwA and identified a novel cyclophilin CypE. Independently, the Schizosaccharomyces pombe cDNA library was screened with the SnwA ortholog Snw1 and the ortholog of CypE (named Cyp2) was found. Both cyclophilins bind the respective SNW protein in their autologous systems. The interaction was localized to the N-terminal part of SnwA as well as of Snw1. CypE was confirmed in vitro to be a cyclosporin A-sensitive peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase. Remarkably, both SNW proteins bind the cyclophilins in a cyclosporin A independent manner, possibly serving as adaptors for these novel isomerases. These results are the first characterization of the members of a novel cyclophilin subfamily, which includes the human CGI-124/PPIL1 protein.